Eritrea
 
 
This country lies east of Yemen separated by Red Sea. Capital: Asmara (formerly Asmera). [old capital: Massawa 1890-1935].
 
               1557        Massawa (Habesh) part of Ottoman Empire.
    Dec 1813 - 1826        Occupied by Egypt (both nominally part of Ottoman Empire).
               1826        Direct Ottoman rule restored (1826-1848 Na'ibs of Arkiko
                           largely independent), Red Sea province.
        1865 - Dec 1882    Egyptian rule (nominally part of Ottoman Empire), as Red Sea
                           province (or Massawa); Sennaheit annexed in 1873, later part
                           of Red Sea province.
               15 Nov 1869 Port of Assab purchased by the Italian Società di Navigazione
                           Rubattino company.
        1879 - 1890        Asmara under Ethiopian rule.
               05 Jul 1882 Port of Assab is taken over by the Italian government.
               06 Feb 1885 Port of Massawa is taken over by Italy; expansion into the
                           hinterland follows.
               09 Dec 1888 Italian Assab Protectorate (Assab, Massawa and the Danakil
                           hinterland).
               01 Jan 1890 Italian colony (Eritrea).
               01 Jun 1936 Part of Italian East Africa (province of Eritrea, formed by
                           the merger of the colony and the Ethiopian region of Tigre.
                  Feb 1941 British occupation.
               19 May 1941 Italian administration ends.
               19 Feb 1951 United Nations supervision, under British rule.
               15 Sep 1952 Federated with Ethiopia under the sovereignty of the Ethiopian
                           crown (Eritrean Autonomous State).
               14 Nov 1962 Integral part of Ethiopia; autonomy revoked (Eritrea province).
               29 May 1991 Provisional government established (de facto independence).
               24 May 1993 Independence (State of Eritrea).
 
 
  • Ancient city-states, including Sembel, Mai Chiot, Ona Gudo, Mai Temenai, Weki Duba, and Mai Hutsa c. 800-350 BCE and...
  • Kingdom of D'MT - YG'D Dynasty. Names appear as such because written inscriptions do not include vowels.
  • W'rn Hywt......................................................fl. c. 700 BCE
  • Rd'm
  • Shr'n Rbh
  • Shr'n Lmn
  • Unknown Rulers
  • Axum..............................................c. 500 BCE - 700 CE
  • Beja tribes (central & northern Eritrea)..............c. 700 - c. 1400 and...
  • Harar (in the south).................................c. 1200 - c. 1400's and...
  • Sennar (in the west)...............................c. 1300's - c. 1500's and...
  • BAHR-NEGASH of Midir Bahr. A Christian kingdom loosely aligned with Abyssinia.
  • Unknown Rulers
  • Yeshaq..................................................1557 - 1578 opposed by...
  • Massawa and environs to the Ottoman Empire..............1557 - 1865
    • Wali (governors) of Massawa
    • Musa, Na'ib of Arkiko............................1680's - c.1710
    • Mehmed Pasha......................................... ? - 1694
    • Abaza Mustafa Pasha.................................. ? - c. 1694
    • Misirli Mehmed Pasha................................. ? - c. 1695
    • Gümrükçü Siyavus Pasha..........................c. 1695 - ?
    • Süleyman Pasha ?
    • Ahmad, Na'ib of Arkiko....................................fl. c. 1793
    • Unknown Ruler
    • Na'ibs of Arkiko. Though nominally vassals of the Ottoman Empire, the Na'ibs of Arkiko were de facto independent rulers of most of Eritrea from 1826-1848.
    • Idris Uthman, Na'ib of Arkiko...............fl. c. 1805 - 1826
    • Unknown Ruler 1826-1832.
  • Turkci Bilmaz (in rebellion)............................1832 - 1833
    • Yahya............................................1830's - 1844
    • Hasan..............................................1844 - 1845
    • Muhammad...........................................1845 - 1846
    • Ismail Hakki Pasha.................................1846 - 1848
    • Ottoman Walis of Massawa
    • Unknown Ruler 1848-1861.
    • Muhammad Rasih Bey.................................1861 - 1863 d. 1883
  • Egypt...................................................1865 - 1890
  • Egyptian Walis of Massawa
    • Hasan Bey Rifat....................................1866 - 1867
    • Ali Muntaz Pasha (Abd el-kader)....................1867 - c. 1870
    • Aladdin Pasha Siddiq............................c. 1870 - 1871 d. 1882
    • Johann Alber Werner (Munzinger Pasha)..............1871 - 1874 d. 1875
    • Arakil Bey Nubar...................................1874 - 1875
    • Mohammed Ratib Pasha...............................1875 - 1876
    • Osman Rifqi (Utham Rifki)..........................1876 - 1877
    • Ala'el-Din Pasha Siddiq............................1877 - 1882
    • Franz Hassen Bey (Wali of Sennaheit)...............1877 - 1879
    • Charles Rigolet (Wali of Sennaheit)................1879 - ?
    • Hursid Bey Pertev..................................1882 - Dec 1882
    • Muhammad Muhtar Pasha..............................1883 - 1884 d. 1897
    • Mason Bey.................................................1884
    • Izzet Bey..........................................1884 - 1885
    • Chermside (acting for Izzat Bey)...................1884 - 1885
  • Asmara under Ethiopian rule.............................1879 - 1890
  • Italy.................................................1880's - 19 May 1941
  • Port of Assab is taken over by the Italian government on 05 Jul 1882 and Port of Massawa on 06 Feb 1885. Italian Assab Protectorate was created on 09 Dec 1888 that included Assab, Massawa and the Danakil hinterland.
  • Savoia dynasty of Italy (title: King)
  • Vittorio Emanuele II (Eritrea from 1880's).......17 Mar 1861 - 09 Jan 1878
  • Umberto I........................................09 Jan 1878 - 29 Jul 1900
  • Vittorio Emanuele III (Italy to 09 May 1946).....29 Jul 1900 - 19 May 1941
  • Great Britain.......................................Feb 1941 - 15 Sep 1952
  • Ethiopia.........................................15 Sep 1952 - 24 May 1993
  • Secretary-general of the Provisional Government
  • Isaias Afwerki...................................29 May 1991 - 24 May 1993
  • State of Eritrea (title: President)
  • Isaias Afwerki (continued).......................24 May 1993 - date
     
 
Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision but, neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the Nov 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; UN Peacekeeping Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), which has monitored the 25-km-wide Temporary Security Zone in Eritrea since 2000, is extended for six months in 2007 despite Eritrean restrictions on its operations and reduced force of 17,000 and the mission was ended on 31 Jul 2008 with a UNSC resolution adopted on 30 Jul 2008. Peacekeepers had been driven from the border zone by Eritrea by Feb 2008, and Ethiopia had refused to accept a binding International Court of Justice ruling on the border issue. Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups.
 
 
Currency: Dollar. Probably pegged to the US Dollar. Pobjoy Mint produced various Eritrean coin with Dollar denominations in 1993.
 
1993
 

KM#14 1 Dollar. Year: 1993. Weight: 28.28g. Metal: Copper-Nickel. Diameter: 38.61 mm. Edge: Reeded. Alignment: Medal. Mint: Pobjoy Mint. Obverse: Dhow, camel and palm tree, date below, all within circle. Reverse: Pteranodon, denomination below. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type. Subject: Preserve Planet Earth.

Note: This coin is also produced as KM25 in silver with same specifications and weight, but $10 as denomination (Mintage: estimated 30,000).

Other coins produced on the same "Preserve Planet Earth" theme were Triceratops, Ankylosaurus, Cheetah, Black Rhinoceros, Black and White Colobus Monkey, Lions, Cape Eagle Owl, Wattled Cranes and Lancer Falcon.
 
Currency: Nakfa = 100 cents.
 
1997
 

KM#43 1 Cent. Year: 1997. Weight: 2.20g. Metal: Nickel Clad Steel. Diameter: 17.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Coin. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Red-fronted gazelle facing right. "State of Eritrea " on the top. Reverse: Soldiers with flag, date 1991 at left. Motto "Liberty Equality Justice" on the top. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#44 5 Cents. Year: 1997. Weight: 2.70g. Metal: Nickel Clad Steel. Diameter: 19.00 mm. Edge: Reeded. Alignment: Coin. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Leopard on log. "State of Eritrea " on the top. Reverse: Soldiers with flag, date 1991 at left. Motto "Liberty Equality Justice" on the top. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#45 10 Cents. Year: 1997. Weight: 3.35g. Metal: Nickel Clad Steel. Diameter: 21.00 mm. Edge: Reeded. Alignment: Coin. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Ostrich. "State of Eritrea " on the top. Reverse: Soldiers with flag, date 1991 at left. Motto "Liberty Equality Justice" on the top. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#46 25 Cents. Year: 1997. Weight: 5.70g. Metal: Nickel Clad Steel. Diameter: 23.00 mm. Edge: Four patches each Reeded and Plain. Alignment: Coin. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Grevy's zebra facing left. "State of Eritrea " on the top. Reverse: Soldiers with flag, date 1991 at left. Motto "Liberty Equality Justice" on the top. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#47 50 Cents. Year: 1997. Weight: 7.75g. Metal: Nickel Clad Steel. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Reeded. Alignment: Coin. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Greater Kudu facing left. "State of Eritrea " on the top. Reverse: Soldiers with flag, date 1991 at left. Motto "Liberty Equality Justice" on the top. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#48 100 Cents (Nakfa). Year: 1997. Weight: 10.20g. Metal: Nickel Clad Steel. Diameter: 26.00 mm. Edge: Reeded. Alignment: Coin. Mint: N/A. Obverse: African elephant and baby elephant both facing left. "State of Eritrea " on the top. Reverse: Soldiers with flag, date 1991 at left. Motto "Liberty Equality Justice" on the top. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.
 
 
 
Countries / Territories
 
Chiefa Coins