• Hirah.................................................380 CE - 602
• A pre-Islamic Arab Kingdom, vassals of the Persians and utilized by them as frontier guards opposing the Byzantine clients in Ghassan from c. 270 to 633.
  • Banu Lakhm
  • Maiwia (fem.)....................................c. 375 - 390
  • Amru'l-Qais II (Hamza)..............................390 - 403
  • Nu'man I ibn Amru’l-Qais............................403 - 433 with...
  • Mundhir I ibn Nu’man................................430 - 473
  • Aswad ibn Mundhir...................................474 - 494
  • Mundhir II ibn Mundhir..............................494 - 500
  • Nu'man II ibn Aswad.................................500 - 503
  • Abu Ya'fur ibn Alqama...............................503 - 505
  • Mundhir III ibn Zikiqa..............................505 - 554
  • 'Amr III ibn Mundhir................................554 - 569
  • Qabus ibn Mundhir...................................569 - 574
  • Zaid ibn Mammad.....................................574 - 575
  • Mundhir IV ibn Mundhir..............................575 - 584 with...
  • Nu'man III ibn Mundhir..............................580 - 602
• Persia...................................................602 - c. 635
• Sassanid dynasty of Persia ruled Qatar during this time. Khusrau II the Victorious (Persian King from 591 to 628) took control of this area and later Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab captured it from Yazdegerd III (Persian King from 633-649, died 651) in c. 635.
• The Caliphate.........................................c. 635 - 10th cent.
• This area was ruled by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (634-644), Uttman ibn Affan (644-656), Ali ibn Abi Talib al-Hashimi (656-660), Hassan ibn Ali (660-661), Ummayad dynasty (661-750), Abbasid dynasty (750-1258, later in Egypt they were purely clerical, under the secular dominion of the Mamluqs from 1261-1571) and Uthmanli dynasty (Ottoman Turks) from 1517-1918.
• Local occupation by various Bedawi clans. At times influence from Persia or other regional powers.
• Occupied by the Banu al-Khalifah...............................18th cent.
• Bahrain.................................................1783 - 1867
• al-Thani [title: to 03 Sep 1971: Hakim Qatar ("Ruler of Qatar") and from 03 Sep 1971: Amir Dawlat Qatar ("Emir of the State of Qatar")].
• al-Thani ibn Muhammad ibn Tamir.........................1822 - 1860
• Muhammad ibn al-Thani...................................1860 - 1876
• Muhammad bin Thani was born in Fuwairat and upon the death of his father, Thani Ibn Mohammad, he became the leader of his tribe at Fuwairat. In 1847, the Al-Thani Family moved from Fuwairat to Doha, under the leadership of Mohammad Bin Thani. Eventually, Mohammad Bin Thani extended his influence throughout Qatar and strengthened his position externally by making an alliance with Faisal Bin Turki, the Amir of the second Saudi state, who himself paid a visit to Qatar in early 1851. By early 1860's Mohammad Bin Thani had emerged as a leading figure in Qatar. On 12 September 1868, he signed a treaty with Colonel Lewis Pelly, British resident in the Persian Gulf, which recognized the independence of Qatar. In 1871, he made a request to the Ottomans at Al-Hasa for protection against any external attack, which resulted in Ottoman occupation of Doha the following year.
• Protectorate of Ottoman Empire..........................1872 - 1915
  • Kaymakam (district administrator)
  • Ahmad I ibn Muhammad...............................1876 - 1905
  • He is according to some source considered as Regent during this period for Qasim ibn Muhammad.
  • Qasim ibn Muhammad.................................1905 - 17 Jul 1913
  • Born in 1826 in Muhharaq, Bahrain. It is also the inception of the modern State of Qatar achieved as a result of Sheikh Qasim's assiduous efforts that led to gaining full recognition by both powers of Qatar's independence. Sheikh Qasim adamantly opposed Ottoman attempts to increase Ottoman influence in Qatar through appointing administrative personnel in Alzubara, Doha, Wakra and Khor Aladaid, establishing a customs office and reinforcing the Ottoman garrison. As a result, a military confrontation followed and a crucial battle broke out with Qataris led by Sheikh Qasim. He and his troops, composed of Qatari tribes, fought bravely, inflicted defeat on the Ottoman troops and achieved victory. The site of Alwajba Battle of 25 March 1893 was 15 kilometers west of Doha, the battle was a turning point in Qatar's history. He died in 1913.
  • Abdullah ibn Qasim (1st time)...............17 Jul 1913 - 1945
  • He was born in 1880 and became regent from 13 May to 17 Jul 1913. Britain and the Ottoman Empire accorded their recognition to Shaikh Abdullah and his successors, ruler over the whole of the Qatari Peninsula. The Ottoman also renounced all their rights to Qatar and following the outbreak of the First World War; Shaikh Abdullah forced the Ottomans to abandon Doha in 1915. On 03 November 1916, Britain, in order to bring Qatar under its Trucial System of Administration, signed a Treaty with Shaikh Abdullah. While Shaikh Abdullah agreed not to enter into any relations with any other power without prior consent of the British Government, Percy Zakhariah Cox, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, who signed the Treaty on behalf of his government, guaranteed the protection of Qatar ‘from all aggression by sea’. On 05 May 1935, Shaikh Abdullah was able to obtain Britain’s agreement for the protection of Qatar from inside as well as any outside-unprovoked attacks. Following British recognition of Shaikh Hamad, the second son of Shaikh Abdullah as the Heir Apparent of Qatar, Shaikh Abdullah signed the first Oil Concession Agreement with the Anglo-Persian Oil Company on 17 May 1935. Accordingly, in October 1938, drilling of first well in Qatar began and the discovery of oil was made at Dukhan structure in January 1940. However, the oil wells were capped as the result of the progress of the Second World War.
• Protectorate of Great Britain...........................1916 - 03 Sep 1971
  • Hammad I ibn Abdallah..............................1945 - 1947
  • Abdullah ibn Qasim (2nd time)......................1947 - 20 Aug 1949
  • On 30 June 1948, Shaikh Abdullah appointed Shaikh Ali Bin Abdullah Al-Thani as the Deputy Ruler following the death of Shaikh Hamad on 27 May 1948. Shaikh Abdullah’s last act as the Ruler was the signing of a Seabed Concession with Central Mining and Investment Corporation Ltd. on 05 August 1949. The Shaikh died on 25 April 1957.
  • Ali ibn Abdullah............................20 Aug 1949 - 24 Oct 1960
  • Title: Sheikh Sir Hafiz Ali bin Abdullah Al-Thani, KBE was born in 1895 and died on 31 August 1974. He abdicated in favour of his second son Sheikh Ahmad bin Ali Al-Thani on October 24, 1960.
  • Ahmad II ibn Ali............................03 Sep 1960 - 22 Feb 1972
  • He was the Emir of the State of Qatar through the final years of dependency, presiding over its independence from Britain in 1971. He was born at Doha in 1917. In 1953 he attended, as Prince, the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey. On February 22, 1972 he was deposed in favour of his cousin. He then lived in exile, and died in London on November 25, 1977.
• Khalifa ibn Hamad................................22 Feb 1972 - 27 Jun 1995
• He was born in Rayyan in 1932, and was the Emir of Qatar from 1972 until he was deposed by his son Hamad bin Khalifa in 1995. He also severed as the first Prime Minister of Qatar from 29 May 1970 to 27 Jun 1995.
• Hamad II ibn Khalifa.............................27 Jun 1995 - date
• He also severed as the Prime Minister of Qatar from 27 Jun 1995 to 29 Oct 1996. On 16 Mar 2001, the World Court granted Bahrain sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and Qitat Jaradah shallows, and Qatar sovereignty over Zubara and the shallows surrounding the islet of Fasht-el-Dibal.

Qatar emblem was changed on coins produced in this year. 15th Asian games were also held in Doha (Qatar's capital) this year, six different one Riyal aluminum-bronze coins, ten different 10 Riyals 1 ounce silver coins, six different 100 Riyals 10 grams gold coins, 300 Riyals 1 kilogram silver coin and 10,000 Riyals 1 kilogram gold coin were produced by the Perth Mint to celebrate this event. The Doha Asian Games Organising Committee chose "Orry", a Qatari Oryx, as the official mascot of the 15th Asian Games Doha 2006. The minus sign separating CE and AH years was replaced back with a dot.