A small island nestled between the east Arabian coast and the peninsula of
Qatar. In ancient times, this was the fabled land of Dilmun, noted among
Sumerians for its wealth and as a source of spiritual authority. During the
classical era, it was known as Tylos, and was famed as a source for pearls.
The modern Emirate had a special protectorate relationship with Great
Britain from 1861 to 1971. Capital: Manama (Zubara
from 1783-1870).
DILMUN EMPIRE
A considerable commercial nexus
between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, Dilmun controlled much territory
adjacent to the island, though how much is unclear. There are at least two
distinct phases, an early city existing from c. 2800 - c. 2300, and a second
from c. 2300 - c. 1750. Dilmun was regarded as being the final home of
Ziusudra, the Sumerian Noah, and was famed on account of its natural springs
as the gate into Abzu, the abyss, or the Ocean Below, which the Sumerians
believed mirrored the Sea Above.
Early Dilmun
City-State..............................c. 2800 - c. 2300 BCE
Intermediate Dilmun
City-State.......................c. 2300 - c. 1750
Rimun..........................................................fl.
late 1800's
Kassite occupation...................................c. 1600 - c. 1200
Late Dilmun
City-State...............................c. 1100 - c. 709
Classic-Age
dependency or minor city-state........c. 709 BCE - c. 635 CE
Assyrian
dependency...................................c. 709 - 609
o Uperi................................................709
? - 706
o Ahundaru I.............................................706 - 685
o Qanayeh................................................685 - 660
o Ahundaru II............................................660 - 635
He is also known as Sheikh Nasir-eddin Shah Bushehri.
Jul 1521 - 1602 Portuguese occupation (Bahrein).
1602 Annexed to Persia.
1783 Al Khalifah lineage conquers and settles Bahrain.
1783 - 12 Sep 1868 Al Khalifah dynasty rules both Bahrain and Qatar.
1800 - 1801 Occupied by Muscat and Oman.
1801 - 1813 Vassal of Diriyah (see Saudi Arabia).
05 Feb 1820 Informal protection treaty with Britain, abolishing slave
trade and forbidding piracy.
1822 - 1873 Subordinated to the governor of Bombay.
1835 Treaty with the Trucial
States, installing a truce of six
months
a year, during the pearling season.
1843 Treaty renews the treaty of 1835 for ten years.
1853 Treaty with Trucial States, renewing the treaty of 1835 for
an unlimited period.
31 May 1861
British protected state. Treaty with Bahrain
1873 - 1946 Subordinated to British India (resident in Bahrain
from 1946).
02 Dec 1880 - 15 Aug 1971 British protectorate completed. Later
treaty in 1892.
29 Jul 1913 Ottomans recognizes British administration.
1961 Autonomy
16 Aug 1971 State of Bahrain (independence).
16 Dec 1971 End of British protectorate presence in the Gulf.
14 Feb 2002 Kingdom of Bahrain.
Click on the links provided on below
Rulers to view coinage used in their era.
Before 16 October 1965, Indian Rupee and later Gulf Rupee
were used. The dinar was introduced in 1965, replacing the Gulf rupee at a rate
of 10 rupees = 1 dinar.
Earlier coinage of British India used:
East India Company
(inc. William IV and Victoria)16 Aug 1765 -
30 Sep 1858
Victoria.........................................01
Nov 1858 - 22 Jan 1901
Edward VII.......................................22
Jan 1901 - 06 May 1910
George V.........................................06
May 1910 - 20 Jan 1936
George VI........................................12
Dec 1936 - 15 Aug 1947
al-KHALIFAH
(Banu 'Utab Dynasty)
title: Hakim from 1783, Emir from 1971 and King
from 1999.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad......................................1783 -
18 Jul 1795
He is commonly referred to
as Ahmed al-Fateh (Ahmed the Conqueror) for conquering Bahrain.
Salman
I ibn Ahmad (1st
time)...........................1796 - 1800 d. 1825:
with...
Abdallah ibn Ahmad (1st
time)...........................1796
- 1800 d. 1843
On 16 Mar 2001, the World Court granted to Bahrain sovereignty on the Hawar
Islands and Qitat Jaradah shallows, and to Qatar sovereignty on Zubara and the
shallows surrounding the islet of Fasht-el-Dibal. Hamad II became King on 14 Feb
2002.
